type='image/x-icon'/> Ernst Plischke Buildings in New Zealand

Tuesday, January 29, 2013

St Mary's Church, Taihape (1951-52)

This Catholic church in basilica style is one of Plischke's most readily identifiable buildings, Donated to the Parish by John and Maude Bartosh, the building was commenced in 1951 under conditions of severe materials shortage, a hangover from the war years. Bob Fantl, who at that time was working for Plishke & Firth, remembers undertaking some of the detailed drawing work as part of his own registration as an architect. The building as constructed differs in only small ways from the floor plan published in Sarnitz & Ottillinger; most of the differences concern the small ancillary rooms at the rear of the church.

Some changes have been made to the building since it was first erected. A new entrance has been added to the side, allowing the old entrance to be converted to a kitchen. The original perforated light fittings have been replaced; these were virtually identical to the design used for St Martins in Christchurch. A pair of fittings surfaced at auction recently and were described as being from St Martins, however the design is identical to the ones shown in early photographs of St Mary's and a good idea of the fittings can be gained from the illustrations in the relevant Art+Object catalogue.

The uncompromising form and mass of the building has been softened somewhat by the growth of surrounding trees over the years, so the church no longer presents as a stark landmark when entering Taihape from the north, but it remains one of the most dramatic and unusual church designs in New Zealand. Plischke himself in Ein Leben mit Architektur recounts the story of the commission like this:

"Catholic Church in Taihape

Shortly afterwards, a young catholic priest who had been impressed by KHANDALLAH, suggested to an archbishop in Wellington that I should also be given a chance in his church. It is interesting how much the multilayeredness [complexity] of the Catholic church in New Zealand is expressed in the genesis of TAIHAPE. A prosperous Hungarian immigrant, whom strangely I have never met, seized the initiative to build a church. He embarked on a world trip and came back with the conviction that nothing except the style of St Peters in Rome should be considered. For tiny Taihape, that was of course a little bit farcical. The local Irish priest, M. Connelly, referred the decision to the archbishop, and the latter asked me to visit him. He told me all about it, we both smiled, then he said: “The money won’t stretch to a dome.”

"I suggested we should use as the model a basic basilica, which in New Zealand had the same associations with the Roman Catholic church as the Gothic style did for the Church of England. The archbishop, a smart man, gave me a free hand and I put down a very simple church. It differed slightly from the Roman Catholic tradition in that it was not symmetrical. My former tutor in religious art at the Masterschool, Prof Dr. Herbert Muck, in an essay for the Institute for Religious Art in Vienna, had the following to say about this church:

“His [Plischke's] Basilica had now assumed the simple form of an only moderately elongated solidium, rather a lying, resting block of stone than a ship or processional way of the old kind. The traditional apse he transformed into a light oriel, into a bright niche, which also received light from several sides. The portal opening introduced in place of the traditional triumphal arch became, through asymmetrical treatment of the portal framing, a less restraining transition. On this side a roomy area for the pulpit was gained by simultaneously setting back the right shield wall. He achieved the serenity of spaciousness in the ship by limiting lighting from above from one a single row of circular windows set high on each side wall. He could fully realise his conceptions in the open roof framing, which shows the clear, light bar work, reflecting today's structural design methods.”

"The calm solidium on the hill in the centre of town became for the catholics of New Zealand an indication of the break from the old tradition of building of churches. In my inauguration speech in 1965 I said about it: “To me it was at that time the most important current priority to overcome eclecticism or historicism of every kind and coinage and to justify and develop from the modern technical and social conditions a contemporary stylistic idiom, a stylistic idiom which should ultimately give us back again the possibility of expressing and shaping the essential character without affectation or dressing up.”

In neighbouring Palmerson North the catholics, in view on the earthquake danger, had built a church in pure reinforced concrete, but sermons and church music suffered severely from the poor acoustics. Thus with the church in Taihape, likewise built in concrete, an internal membrane shell on a light framework was placed at fixed intervals in front of the solid concrete wall. The effect of this membrane is similar to that of a violin and results in good acoustics. On the occasion of the completion of the church a professor of architecture at the University of Auckland organized an excursion to distant Taihape. It is perhaps quite funny to mention that, on seeing inside the wood panels, he explained to his students in all seriousness that this church was of plastered timber construction."

Saturday, January 12, 2013

Cockayne House, Waikanae


Designed & Built: 1955

Client: Miss M. Cockayne

Location: Horopito Rd, Waikanae

Design Features:

Ceilings are partially exposed beam and follow the pitch of the roof. Extensive use of glass walls. Designed for indoor-outdoor living.

Construction Details:

Timber, vertical board and batten

Current status:

Privately owned, last changed hands in 2009.

Sources:

Mentioned in L Tyler thesis, p.119; listed in Sarnitz & Ottillinger; otherwise very little documentation available.

Monday, December 10, 2012

Melrose Terrace Again...

I was recently down in Nelson, and I took the opportunity to check out the TOM GRIFFIN house, which Plischke designed in 1961. New owner Jan generously showed me around and is clearly determined that any renovations are going to be sympathetic to the original concept. From the chequerboard black-and-white vinyl tiles to the built-in storage to the utility space that makes servicing easy -- it shows all the hallmarks of Plischke's attention to detail, and it has a fantastic ocean viewe as well! This house is not listed in Sarnitz & Ottilinger's catalogue of Plischke's work, but the plans are from the Plishke & Fantl era (1960-62) and Bob Fantl confirms the house was designed for the son of the founder of the Griffins biscuit empire. The house seems to be in excellent hands. It needs a lot of work, but the new owners have the resources and motivation to do what is needed and do it well. The indoor spaces already work well, and even the old diesel-fired central heating works. The mode of indoor-outdoor living has changed a bit since 1961, so we can expect a few changes to the design of the patio areas.

Monday, November 19, 2012

Plischke House in Nelson

In May 2012, a "new" Plischke house was discovered. In Melrose Terrace, Nelson, Plischke designed a home for Tom Griffin, the son of the Griffins Biscuits founder. Not listed in Sarnitz & Ottilinger, the house is nevertheless well documented, with plans held by the Nelson City Council. Done while Plischke was in partnership with Bob Fantl (1960-62), this is the only known work of Plischke's in Nelson.

Monday, March 15, 2010

Pickard House, Eton Drive, Hamilton

This is one of Plischke's last designs before departing for Vienna in 1963. Originally designed for a different site, the sketch plans were handed over to local architect Phil King, who completed the working drawings. The house was commissioned in 1960 and finally completed in 1964.

Monday, July 13, 2009

Dixon Street Flats

The Dixon Street Flats, at one time the largest such building in New Zealand, has been part of the Wellington skyline for nearly 70 years. The building has been modified only slightly since its original construction and retains its original purpose.


Designed: 1940-42 Opened 1943

Location: Dixon Street, Wellington

Commission: Designed for Department of Housing Construction, where Plischke was employed. The DHC was formed in 1937 to manage a state housing programme and to provide work for unemployed building workers. It was merged into the Ministry of Works in 1943.

Plischke’s role in this project remains unclear. Gordon Wilson, the Government architect of the day, is officially the “architect of record”. However, Plischke is widely thought to have played a significant part in the design. His initials appear only on a perspective drawing of the building in 1942, but the lack of documentary evidence has not prevented a lively debate in the years since Plischke quit the Department of Housing Construction after a somewhat strained relationship with Gordon Wilson, who subsequently received an NZIA Award for the project.



Design Features:
First European-style large scale housing in Wellington. 10-storey, 116-unit block of flats. Central entrance with stairs and lifts, emergency stairways at each end.

The small, single-bedroom units were designed to be suitable only for couples without children at home.

The flats were officially opened on 4 Sept 1943, but not officially completed until 1 March 1944 (not entirely unrelated to the General Election held in late 1943). Thus they have become part of the political history of the country, as well as part of its architectural heritage.

Sources:
August Sarnitz and Eva B. Ottillinger. Ernst Plischke: Modern Architecture for the New World; the Complete Works. Prestel, 2004., pp.143-149
David Kernohan, “Modern Moves” in Architecture NZ, Nov/Dec 1995, pp.83-91
Julia Gatley, “For Modern Living: Government Blocks of Flats” in Wilson, John (ed.). Zeal and Crusade: The Modern Movement in Wellington. Te Waihora Press, 1996,, pp.53-60.
Julia Gatley, "Privacy and Propaganda: The Politics of the Dixon Street Flats" in Fabrications 7, August 1996, pp.77-98.
Linda Tyler, The Architecture of E.A. Plischke in New Zealand. Unpublished thesis, University of Canterbury, 1986, pp.46-52
Home & Building, Summer 1944




Photos from Wellington Guide, circa 1946.







The Dixon Street Flats today.

Saturday, July 11, 2009

Abel Tasman Memorial





Another "political" structure, the Abel Tasman Memorial at Tarakohe is a joint effort between JC Beaglehole, who headed up the history section at the Department of Internal Infairs, his assistant Janet Wilkinson (later to become Dame Janet Paul) and Plischke.


The unveiling of the memorial and the opening of the Abel Tasman National Park in 1942 was attended by a delegation of five from the government of the Netherlands, notwithstanding the risks and dangers of this event during wartime. Plischke in his autobiography talks about the entire Dutch government being in attendance, but this is an exaggeration.


The memorial has been modified several times. Queen Juliana of the Netherlands presented a plaque in 1970 that has since been incorporated into the column. The marble plaque has been moved from its original "table" structure to form part of the boundary barrier and the wooden deck and railings were added by DOC in 1992 in the lead up the 350-year celebrations.


The plaque is now revealed as white marble, the original blue-grey and red colours having been removed.
Designed & Built: 1942

Client: NZ Government. Erected to commemorate the 300th anniversary of Tasman's arrival in 1642 and the death of four of his crew at the hands of the locals.

Location: Wainui Road, Tarakohe

Commission: JC Beaglehole recommended Plischke for this assignment.

Design Features:
Stark, white, strongly geometric and abstract form.


Construction Details:

Concrete pillar. Plaque text by Beaglehole, typography by Janet Wilkinson (later Janet Paul). The memorial was unveiled on 18 December 1942 on land which had been donated by the Golden Bay Cement Company, and which became a reserve under the Scenery Protection Act. The cement used in its construction was also donated by the company.

The text reads:
"REMEMBER ABEL JANSZOON TASMAN
A COMMANDER IN THE SERVICE OF THE DUTCH UNITED
EAST INDIA COMPANY WHO DISCOVERED NEW ZEALAND
AND ON 18 & 19 DECEMBER 1642 ANCHORED IN THIS BAY
REMEMBER ALSO FRANCHOYS JACOBSZOON VISSCHER
PILOT MAJOR & THE COMPANY OF THE SHIPS HEEMSKERCK &
ZEEHAEN + ALSO JAN TYSSEN OF OUEVEN TOBIAS PIETERZ
OF DELFT JAN ISBRANTSZ & A SAILOR OF NAME UNKNOWN
KILLED BY THE NATIVES OF THIS COUNTRY"

Current status:
The memorial is managed by DOC.

Sources:
E.A. Plischke, Ein Leben mit Architektur, 1989, pp.258-267